如何对Spring及Spring MVC框架进行单元测试?

JUnit中提供了支持

主要分为三种那个方式：

1.直接对spring中注入的bean进行测试(以DAO为例)

这个可以用来测试除Controller之外的单元

1 package service;  2 import static org.Junit.Assert.assertEquals;  3   4 import org.Junit.Test;  5 import org.Junit.runner.RunWith;  6 import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  7 import org.Springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;  8 import org.Springframework.test.context.Junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;  9 import org.Springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; 10  11 import domain.Account; 12  13 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 14 @ContextConfiguration("/config/Spring-db1.xml") 15 @Transactional 16 public class AccountServiceTest1 { 17     @Autowired 18     private AccountService service; 19     20     @Test 21     public void testGetAcccountById() { 22 Account acct = Account.getAccount(1, "user01", 18, "M"); 23         service.insertIfNotExist(acct); 24         Account acct2 = service.getAccountById(1); 25         assertEquals(acct,acct2); 26     } 27 }

推荐阅读博文

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-springunitest/

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2.对springMVC进行测试，使用Mock。

Mock有2种常用的方式：1. 使用Spring MVC自带的Mock；2.使用Mockito。

http://www.cnblogs.com/jiaoyiping/p/4251759.html 中使用了SpringMVC自带的Mock org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc 类，对SpringMVC进行测试。

该文中还介绍了另外一种基于 org.jboss.resteasy.core.Dispatcher类的测试方式。

该方法模拟发出HTTP请求，对Spring MVC进行测试。

1 package com.scb.jason.filetrans.controller; 2  3 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.FileTransferService; 4 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.HandleExceptionService; 5 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.JobSchedulerService; 6 import org.junit.Before; 7 import org.junit.Test; 8 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 9 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;10 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;11 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;12 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;13 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;14 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;15 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;16 17 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;18 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;19 20 /**21  * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.22  * User: 148170623  * Date: 5/16/1724  * Time: 7:36 AM25  * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.26  */27 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)28 @WebAppConfiguration29 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml","file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})30 public class StaticControllerTest {31 32     private MockMvc mockMvc;33 34     @Autowired35     private org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext context;36 37     @Autowired38     private StaticController staticController;39 40     @Before41     public void before(){42         mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(staticController).build();43     }44 45     @Test46     public void testFileTransfer(){47         System.out.println();48         try {49             ResultActions actions = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/TestTransfer"));50             System.out.println(status());51             System.out.println(content().toString());52         } catch (Exception e) {53             e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.54         }55     }56 57 }

现在大多数推荐的方式是Mockito，在下一节中，我们会详细讨论Mockito。

1 package com.scb.jason.filetrans.controller; 2  3 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.FileTransferService; 4 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.HandleExceptionService; 5 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.JobSchedulerService; 6 import org.junit.Before; 7 import org.junit.Test; 8 import org.junit.runner.RunWith; 9 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;10 import org.mockito.Mock;11 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;12 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;13 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;14 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;15 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;16 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;17 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;18 19 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;20 21 /**22  * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.23  * User: 148170624  * Date: 5/16/1725  * Time: 7:36 AM26  * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.27  */28 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)29 @WebAppConfiguration30 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml","file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})31 public class StaticControllerTest {32 33     private MockMvc mockMvc;34 35     @Mock36     private FileTransferService fileTransferService;37 38     @Mock39     private JobSchedulerService jobSchedulerService;40 41     @Mock42     private HandleExceptionService handleExceptionService;43 44     @InjectMocks45     StaticController staticController;46 47     @Before48     public void setup(){49         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);50         this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(staticController).build();51     }52 53     @Test54     public void testTestException() throws Exception {55         ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get("/TestException"));56     }57 }

 

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 这里还要着重讲一下，一个优秀的Mock工具Mockito。

http://blog.csdn.net/guijiaoba/article/details/51945873

http://blog.csdn.net/u010834071/article/details/47665791

推荐阅读，该博文详细介绍了Mockito的使用方法。

Mock的意思就是模拟出一个类对象，使其拥有类对象的全部接口。

我们可以通过when来规定mock对象调用时的值。

可以实现测试的解耦。比如说A依赖于B,C，那么我们就Mock B和C对象，将其注入到A。

并用When来模拟B和C对象的行为。这样就实现了在测试当中的解耦操作。

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Mock中也存在部分Mock，即根据需求去选择调用Mock或者真实对象。

http://www.cnblogs.com/softidea/p/4204389.html介绍了如何实现部分Mock。

分为两种，一种是callRealMethod，一种是用Spy。

callRealMethod

1 //you can create partial mock with spy() method:2 List list = spy(new LinkedList());3 //you can enable partial mock capabilities selectively on mocks:4 Foo mock = mock(Foo.class);5 //Be sure the real implementation is 'safe'.6 //If real implementation throws exceptions or depends on specific state of the object then you're in trouble.7 when(mock.someMethod()).thenCallRealMethod();

spy方式

1 public class Test{2 @Spy3 Foo spyOnFoo = new Foo();4 @Before5 public void init(){6 MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);7 }8 ...9 }

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这篇博文讲的不错，有兴趣的可以阅读一下。

http://qiuguo0205.iteye.com/blog/1443344

http://blog.csdn.net/u010834071/article/details/47665791

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html

http://zhaozhiming.github.io/blog/2014/06/16/spring-mvc-unit-test-part-1/

http://blog.csdn.net/qbg19881206/article/details/17077021

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html